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Compare Arctic Ocean (2006) - Bermuda (2002)

Compare Arctic Ocean (2006) z Bermuda (2002)

 Arctic Ocean (2006)Bermuda (2002)
 Arctic OceanBermuda
Administrative divisions - 9 parishes and 2 municipalities*; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton*, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George*, Saint George's, Sandys, Smith's, Southampton, Warwick
Age structure - 0-14 years: 19.2% (male 6,058; female 6,225)


15-64 years: 69.4% (male 21,950; female 22,442)


65 years and over: 11.4% (male 3,163; female 4,122) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products - bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products
Airports - 1 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Area total: 14.056 million sq km


note: includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies		 total: 53.3 sq km


land: 53.3 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US about one-third the size of Washington, DC
Background The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes circumscribes the Arctic Ocean. Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists headed for Virginia. Tourism to the island to escape North American winters first developed in Victorian times. Tourism continues to be important to the island's economy, although international business has overtaken it in recent years. Bermuda has developed into a highly successful offshore financial center. A referendum on independence was soundly defeated in 1995.
Birth rate - 11.82 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget - revenues: $609.5 million


expenditures: $574.6 million, including capital expenditures of $54.8 million (FY00/01)
Capital - Hamilton
Climate polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter
Coastline 45,389 km 103 km
Constitution - 8 June 1968, amended 1989
Country name - conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Bermuda


former: Somers Islands
Currency - Bermudian dollar (BMD)
Death rate - 7.49 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external - $145 million (FY99/00)
Dependency status - overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US - chief of mission: Consul General Denis Patrick COLEMAN, Jr.


consulate(s) general: Crown Hill, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire DVQ3


mailing address: P. O. Box HM325, Hamilton HMBX; American Consulate General Hamilton, Department of State, 5300 Hamilton Place, Washington, DC 20520-5300


telephone: [1] (441) 295-1342


FAX: [1] (441) 295-1592, [1] (441) 296-9233
Diplomatic representation in the US - none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international some maritime disputes (see littoral states) none
Economic aid - recipient - $NA
Economy - overview Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals. Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, with its economy primarily based on providing financial services for international business and luxury facilities for tourists. The effects of 11 September 2001 have had both positive and negative ramifications for Bermuda. On the positive side, a number of new reinsurance companies have located on the island, contributing to the expansion of an already robust international business sector. On the negative side, Bermuda's already weakening tourism industry - which derives over 80% of its visitors from the US - has been further hit as American tourists have chosen not to travel. Most capital equipment and food must be imported, with the US serving as the primary source of goods, followed by the UK. Bermuda's industrial sector is small, although construction continues to be important. Agriculture is limited, only 6% of the land being arable.
Electricity - consumption - 553.35 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production - 595 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Fram Basin -4,665 m


highest point: sea level 0 m		 lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Town Hill 76 m
Environment - current issues endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack asbestos disposal; water pollution; preservation of open space; sustainable development
Ethnic groups - black 58%, white 36%, other 6%
Exchange rates - Bermudian dollar per US dollar - 1.0000 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar)
Executive branch - chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Sir John VEREKER (since NA April 2002)


head of government: Premier Jennifer SMITH (since 10 November 1998)


cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the premier, appointed by the governor


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed premier by the governor
Exports - $51 million (2000)
Exports - commodities - reexports of pharmaceuticals
Exports - partners - EU excluding UK 77.9%, US 9.8%, UK 6.9% (1999)
Fiscal year - 1 April - 31 March
Flag description - red, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms (white and green shield with a red lion holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the flag
GDP - purchasing power parity - $2.2 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: 1%


industry: 10%


services: 89% (1995 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $34,800 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 2.9% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 90 00 N, 0 00 E 32 20 N, 64 45 W
Geography - note major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months consists of about 138 coral islands and islets with ample rainfall, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some land, reclaimed and otherwise, was leased by US Government from 1941 to 1995
Highways - total: 450 km


paved: 450 km


unpaved: 0 km


note: public roads - 209 km; private roads - 241 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports - $719 million (2000)
Imports - commodities - machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, chemicals, food and live animals
Imports - partners - EU excluding UK 35.4%, US 17.8%, UK 15.4%, Russia 14.6% (1999)
Independence - none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - tourism, international business, light manufacturing
Infant mortality rate - 9.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 3% (July 2001)
International organization participation - Caricom (observer), CCC, ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), IOC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 20 (2000)
Irrigated land - NA sq km
Judicial branch - Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts
Labor force - 37,472 (2000)
Labor force - by occupation - clerical 22%, services 20%, laborers 17%, professional and technical 17%, administrative and managerial 13%, sales 8%, agriculture and fishing 3% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries - 0 km
Land use - arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (55% developed, 45% rural/open space) (1998 est.)
Languages - English (official), Portuguese
Legal system - English law
Legislative branch - bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (an 11-member body appointed by the governor, the premier, and the opposition) and the House of Assembly (40 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last general election held 9 November 1998 (next to be held NA November 2003)


election results: percent of vote by party - PLP 54%, UBP 44%, NLP 1%, independents 1%; seats by party - PLP 26, UBP 14
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 77.3 years


male: 75.21 years


female: 79.27 years (2002 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 98%


male: 98%


female: 99% (1970 est.)
Location body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of North Carolina (US)
Map references Arctic Region North America
Maritime claims - exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine - total: 102 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,485,450 GRT/8,782,869 DWT


ships by type: bulk 28, cargo 4, container 16, liquefied gas 6, passenger 3, petroleum tanker 17, refrigerated cargo 16, roll on/roll off 9, short-sea passenger 3


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Croatia 5, Denmark 2, Germany 1, Greece 1, Hong Kong 9, Indonesia 1, Norway 2, Sweden 11, United Kingdom 52, United States 13 (2002 est.)
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches - no regular indigenous military forces; Bermuda Regiment, Bermuda Police Force, Bermuda Reserve Constabulary
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $4,027,970 (January 2002)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 0.11% (FY00/01)
National holiday - Bermuda Day, 24 May
Nationality - noun: Bermudian(s)


adjective: Bermudian
Natural hazards ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May hurricanes (June to November)
Natural resources sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales) limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism
Net migration rate - 2.61 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders - National Liberal Party or NLP [Dessaline WALDRON]; Progressive Labor Party or PLP [Jennifer SMITH]; United Bermuda Party or UBP [Chairman Wayne FURBERT]
Political pressure groups and leaders - Bermuda Employer's Union [Eddie SAINTS]; Bermuda Industrial Union or BIU [Derrick BURGESS]; Bermuda Public Services Association or BPSA [leader NA]; Bermuda Union of Teachers [Michael CHARLES]
Population - 63,960 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 0.69% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors - Hamilton, Saint George's, Dockyard
Radio broadcast stations - AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 82,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km
Religions - non-Anglican Protestant 39%, Anglican 27%, Roman Catholic 15%, other 19%
Sex ratio - at birth: 0.94 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 0.97 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female


total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment: NA


domestic: modern, fully automatic telephone system


international: 3 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use - 52,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 7,980 (1996)
Television broadcast stations - 3 (1997)
Terrain central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that, on average, is about 3 meters thick, although pressure ridges may be three times that thickness; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge) low hills separated by fertile depressions
Total fertility rate - 1.81 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Transportation - note sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes; the Northwest Passage (North America) and Northern Sea Route (Eurasia) are important seasonal waterways -
Unemployment rate - 4.5% (1993)
Waterways - none
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